Although all societies recognize that children are different from adults, how they are different changes, both generationally and across cultures. “The essence of childhood studies is that childhood is a social and cultural phenomenon” (James, 1998). Evidently that multiple childhoods do in fact exist, a unifying theme of childhood studies is that childhood is a social construction and aims to explore major implications for future outcomes and adulthood. Recognizing childhood as a social construction guides exploration across themes for a better understanding of multiple childhoods, particularly the differences that influence individual perception and experience of childhood. Childhood is socially constructed according to the parenting style, thanks to the ability of parents to create a secure parent-child relationship, to embrace love in attitudes towards the child through acceptance in a prepared environment, to promote healthy development that results in important evidence-based impacts on the childhood experience as well as for the child's resilience and ability to overcome any adversity in the environment to achieve positive future outcomes and succeed. In How Children Succeed, Paul Tough attempts to unravel what he identifies as "some of life's most pervasive mysteries: Who succeeds and who fails? Why do some children thrive while others lose their way? And what can we do to guide an individual child – or an entire generation of children – away from failure and towards success?” (Duro, 2012) Children are born into environments characterized by different circumstances, good and bad, that influence their development. Through direct meetings with researchers, educators and children from different environments, Paul Tough addresses his questions ex.... .. half of the document ......//www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf /parenting-resilience-children.pdf.James, A. (1998). Issues in the Social Construction of Childhood. Biosocial Perspectives on Children, 45-65 Years. Miller-Lewis, Lauren R., Amelia K. Searle, Michael G. Sawyer, Peter A. Baghurst, and Darren Hedley resilience of mental health in early childhood: an analysis with multiple methodologies". Child Adolescent Mental Psychiatry7.6 (2013): n. page. Online. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc /articles/PMC3598384/.Solomon, Andrew. FAR FROM THE TREE: Parents, Children, and the Search for Identity. First hardback edition by Scribner November 2012 ed. New York: Scribner, 2012. Print.Tough, Paul. How children succeed: Grit, curiosity, and the hidden power of character. First edition Mariner Books 2013 ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2012. Print.