Historical Development of Self-Concept TheoryThe development of the self-idea or self-concept can be traced back to the times of classical philosophy, as traced by Hattie (1992 ). The sense of self was linked by Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle to identity, individuality and self-knowledge (). Furthermore, through their debates, Renaissance philosophers promoted the sense of “self” and “knowing self” as the basis of existence. Hume (1711-1776) made a deviation from the intellectual mainstream and rejected the idea of ​​a stable and distinct self-concept, and instead emphasized the fluidity of "self-knowing" and the primacy of experience as the source of constant change. perception of reality. Psychological aspects of the self, including references to identity, style and self-knowledge, were addressed by James in 1890. He divided the self into three parts: its "constituents", the feelings and emotions they arouse, and the actions that push (James, page 292). According to James, the self and self-concept were fundamental constructs within the person and he described the “self as knower”. This implied that the “self” was known and labeled it as “I”. In contrast, the sense of self related to experience and environment was labeled “ME,” and the feeling of self was related to the process that generated both “I” and “ME.” Furthermore, the objective self or “ME” is composed of four levels or components organized in a hierarchical structure. These were “bodily self,” “social self,” “material self,” and “spiritual self.” By 'spiritual self' James meant thinking and feeling, that is, what we most truly seem to be. “We get a purer sense of complacency when we think about our ability to argue and discriminate, or our m...... middle of paper ...... personality and other areas of mental health have also used experimental approaches to find out the relationship between self-esteem and poor mental health associated with poor self-esteem Carl Jung's Self In his earlier writings Jung considered the self equivalent to the psyche or total personality, however, when he began to explore the racial foundations of personality. and discovered the archetypes, he found one that represented the human desire for unity (Wilhelm & Jung, 1931). The self is the midpoint of the personality, around which all other systems are constellated. It holds these systems together and provides the personality unity and balance, and stability. If we imagine the conscious mind with the Ego as its center, as its center, in opposition to the unconscious, and if we now add to our mental image the process of assimilation of the unconscious.