During the Atlantic slave trade, 1.7 million Africans from the Bay of Biafra were enslaved and brought to the New World. Of these 1.7 million, nearly 1.3 million were Igbo. From the 16th to the 19th century European and American slave traders kidnapped and enslaved large numbers of Africans in the New World and as a result of the influx of Africans there were many great cultural influences coming from African populations. Jamaica was home to two major trading ports where Igbo, Bonny and Calabar slaves would arrive. Most of the Biafran slaves were brought to the coasts of Jamaica and made up a large part of the slaves in Jamaica. Even while captive on plantations, enslaved Africans discriminated against and judged other Africans. “English explorer William Baikie discovered that this sign of high status literally meant 'cut face'” (p.20). Another tradition of class differentiation that the Igbo brought with them to the New World was the structuring of social classes. The term I'tshi or "cut face" was used to denote the high class, similar to nobles or royalty. “An Igbo boy named Aneaso was enslaved in 1799 and became known in Jamaica as Archibald Monteath. He left a detailed description of Igbo mgburichi, vividly recalling the cutting ceremonies he had witnessed as a boy, even after living as a Morvaian Christian” (p. 18). This passage continues to provide Aneasus' description of the ceremony. This shows how this tradition meant a lot to younger generations and through people like Anea many traditions were brought to the New World. Igbo traditions had an impact on New World cultures because even though they did not practice all traditions. Although some traditions were not continued in the New... middle of paper... infamous and the notoriety of their protest had another major impact on the New World. Their protests, especially the more peaceful ones, such as walking in the ocean in chains and drowning, helped spark abolitionist thoughts by demonstrating to slave traders that this is no way to treat human beings. That death is better than slavery. Since the Igbo people's clear rejection of slavery, people have followed the example of the slaves and defended their rights as human beings. Igbo identity was defined as the formation of an individual or a collective group of people through an association of certain customs, traditions, history, geographical location and environment. Race was defined as an idea established by the rich and powerful and how they identified people as a result of biological distinctions.