Implementation Plan Concepts Worksheet Clearly there is no project management structure at Harrison-Keyes. The project is plagued by inefficiencies and problems. Budgets are exceeded, deadlines are missed, authors are dissatisfied, there is no clear anti-piracy strategy, e-commerce hardware and software are not ready to meet demand, and bad publicity threatens to derail the the entire project. Many companies struggle with creating processes that allow them to organize projects while continuing to carry out daily operations (Gray & Lawson, 2005). Harrison-Keyes is no exception, as its electronic publishing initiative is pushed forward as the company continues to try to stay afloat with its struggling print books. People, time and monetary resources are currently shared by both the project and regular bus operations without clear guidelines on the structure of the project. Project management structures represent the main approaches to organizing projects (Gray & Lawson, 2005). “A good system adequately balances the needs of both the parent organization and the project by defining the interface between the project and the parent organization in terms of authority, resource allocation, and possible integration of project results into core operations” (Gray & Lawson, 2005, p. 55). Work Breakdown Structure"A good work breakdown structure (WBS) is part of the foundation of a good project" (Rose, 2006, p. 114). It is a structured approach to organizing the information necessary for successful planning, scheduling, and control of a project (Gray & Lawson, 2005). Harrison-Keyes demonstrated what the expected outcome of the project itself will be, basically omitting the necessary deliverables of each intermediate phase of the project. Work breakdown structures provide a framework for specifying objectives and ensuring that the plan matches the project scope (Rosa, 2006). By thinking about the project in its overall scope instead of breaking down each component into a work structure, Hong Kong leadership must solve many project challenges all at once. Work breakdown structures are “a disciplined and structured method for selectively gathering information for use at all stages of the project life cycle, to meet the needs of all stakeholders, and to measure performance against the project's strategic plan organization” (Gray & Lawson, 2005, p. 99). Organizational Politics"Organizational politics can be defined as actions of individuals or groups of individuals to acquire, develop, and use power and other resources to achieve desired outcomes when there is uncertainty or disagreement about choices" (University of Phoenix, 2007 , par. 2). Meg P. McGill, CEO, used her political influence to convince the Hong Kong board of directors and company leadership that digital publishing was an important strategy to pursue at this time.