Topic > Absolute Power: A State of War Against Its People

Hobbes' government is impossible, first, because people have no arbitrary power of transfer. Secondly, a government that is not bound by laws is not a government at all as it remains in the state of nature with its citizens. Finally, the Hobbesian ruler's right to take the property of his subjects makes the establishment of this form of government incongruous because the purpose of government is the protection of property. Absolute arbitrary rule only occurs when the government exceeds its authority and is not something one should strive for. Therefore, the government that Hobbes proposes to exit the state of war would, for Locke, directly introduce or prepare the ground for civil war. In Locke's Treatise, the social contract binds citizens to a government, which is accountable to its citizens. If the government fails to represent the interests of its citizens, its citizens have the right and obligation to overthrow it. In Hobbes' Leviathan, however, there is no reciprocal relationship between the ruler and the governed. Absolute arbitrary government invests all rights in the sovereign and citizens lose their rights. It is because of these different views on the purpose and origin of government that Locke's “Second Treatise on Government” can be said to be a successful refutation of Hobbes' concept.