IntroductionH. capsulatum is the most common true pathogen causing histoplasmosis and was discovered by Dr. Samuel Darling in 1905 (Talaro & Chess, 2012). Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that can grow in the human body as yeast. It is known to grow best at human body temperature and remains in mycelial form at room temperature (Fayyaz, 2013). Most individuals who inhale this microscopic fungal spore do not become infected, however some individuals who inhale this spore develop lung infections. H. capsulatum is a fungus that can be found in soil and is associated with bird and bat droppings (CDC, 2013). Interestingly, it took so long after discovery for its epidemiology to now suggest that it has been present as long as agriculture was practiced (Talaro & Chess, 2012). Causative agent Histoplasma capsulatum is a microbial fungus that is mainly involved in the lungs and belongs to the fungal kingdom. The primary target of these inhaled spores is the lungs. By targeting the lungs, the spores can cause some individuals to develop minor or serious lung infections (CDC, 2013). Histoplasmosis is an airborne infection, which is transmitted when an individual inhales the spores when destruction of soil or materials contaminated with bat or bird droppings occurs. Epidemiology Histoplasmosis disease is found primarily in the eastern and central regions of the United States. Specifically, it can be found most commonly in the Ohio Valley and other areas with moist soils that have high levels of bird and bat feces (Talaro & Chess, 2012). Since Histoplasma capsulatum is very associated with soil and bird feces, it is very common among people who work in parks, bird rest areas, ... middle of paper ... of the virulence factor of the CBP histoplasma. Retrieved February 26, 2010, from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bi701495v#fn1CDC (2013), Histoplasmosis. http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/histoplasmosis/index.htmlEdwards JA and Rappleve CA. (2011). Mechanisms of pathogenesis of histoplasma: one pertfolio does not fit all. Retrieved 2011 from PubMed http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3228276/Fayyaz, J.(2013). Histoplasmosis. Retrieved 1994-2014 from WebMD: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-overviewMedScape (2013). Amphotericin B. http://reference.medscape.com/drug/fungizone-amphotericin-b-conventional-amphotericin-b-deoxycholate-342582MedScape (2013). Itraconazole. http://reference.medscape.com/drug/sporanox-omnel-itraconazole-342591#0Talaro KP & Chess B. (2012). Fundamentals of microbiology: basic principles. 8th edition. McGraw-Hill.