Instead of following a timeline of how the culture has changed, Boyden creates all these characters who are exposed to European culture in different ways in the same time period and as it still is capable of impacting various Aboriginal people today. It seeks to address how colonialism had a major impact on Aboriginal spirituality and fractured community bonds by forcing Aboriginal children to attend very different schools to those they were used to. In my opinion, I believe that by revisiting the historical events captured during the time of Niska and Xavier, Boyden is able to state many things that are still happening now. By addressing these concepts which can often be seen as very absurd in the eyes of non-Aboriginal people (Niska's convulsions, Xavier thanking the dead, Windigos) Boyden is able to ask: are they really as absurd as people think they are? Although there have been various impacts of European norms, the connection between family, community and culture is what makes it so beautiful and the concept of absurdity within these Indian communities is able to hold a deeper and spiritual meaning that is seen and praised in a positive way. way that negative. Boyden shows that unique practices and beliefs are what made Niska and Xavier's concept so