The Crucible is interpreted as an allegory about the intolerance of McCarthyism, allowing Miller to express his criticisms of the practice through a crucial period in American history. After its publication, it was widely argued that the Crucible illustrated Miller's views on McCarthyism and its effect on society. McCarthyism is defined as the political practice of broadcasting accusations of disloyalty and the undermining of power and authority without. provide legitimate evidence. This was specifically aimed at communists, who similarly were innocent citizens falsely accused of witchcraft in Salem. Although Miller does not specifically mention McCarthyism, he incorporates analogies to elements of McCarthyism “a person is either with this court or must be counted against it, there is no middle ground.” This crucial quote vaguely refers to the aspect of McCarthyism which vaguely states that a person is with the government or suspected of communism. . Miller continues to reinforce this technique through the portrayal of his characters. Abigail reflects on encouraging accusations of innocent people without providing concrete evidence, such as stating "I saw Sarah Good with the devil, I saw Goody Osburn with the devil!" thus encouraging Salem's companions to follow him. This parallels McCarthy's accusations against anyone regardless of their social status, however, it represents injustice to law-abiding citizens who attempted to clear their names were blacklisted and therefore excluded from society Although there is no symbolism directed, this practice is clearly depicted in Miller's text which continues to reinforce the reputation of Elizabeth Proctor's characterization. Although her statements are false, Abigail states that "She is a bitter woman, a lying, cold, whining woman, and not I will work for such a woman!" This initial opinion of Elizabeth allows Miller to reinforce his false characterization, which is used to damage Elizabeth's good name and reputation. Abigail further expresses, “I will not let it be said that my name is dirty! !” Miller not only shows this to affect Elizabeth's reputation, but also uses it to express the lengths Abigail will go to to keep her name intact. The reader examines the effect of characterization, allowing Miller to convey the importance of reputation and highlight the significance of social position in a religious society.