Schwartz, Dudgeon, Sheeber, Yap, Simmons, and Allen (2012) examined the relationship between parent behaviors during child-parent partnerships and subsequent development of internalizing symptoms such as anxiety and anxiety depression. This study considered the impact of positive and negative parenting behaviors on the development of anxiety and depression symptoms that occur specifically during adolescence (Schwartz et al., 2012). Schwartz et al. (2012) defined positive parenting behaviors as “behaviors that convey acceptance, affection, or happiness” (p. 59), and negative parenting behaviors as “behaviors that convey aggression or dysphoria” (p. 59). Elaborating on the definition of negative emotional expressions, Schwartz et al. (2012) differentiated between submissive (unhappy) and dominant (combative) expressions because they are conveyed differently and; therefore, it may predict distinctive symptomatology. It is essential to gain insight into the development of these symptoms in adolescence because high levels of internalizing symptoms over time have been found to substantially increase the likelihood of developing depression and anxiety disorders (Klein, Shankman, Lewinsohn, & Seeley, 2009; Pine, Cohen , Cohen and Brook, 1999). Aggression is believed to induce fear and compliance in others (Keltner & Kring, 1998). Therefore, prolonged exposure to parental aggression can produce symptoms of anxiety and/or depression in adolescence (Rodriguez, 2003). Furthermore, parental exposure to dysphoric emotions can produce these same symptoms in adolescence through learning and modeling (Campos, Mumme, Kermoian, & Campos, 1994). In contrast, submissive emotions convey encouragement and comfort from others (Keltner & Kring...... middle of paper ...... eon, P., Sheeber, LB, Yap, MBH, Simmons, JG and Allen, N.B. (2012). Parental behaviors during family interactions predict changes in depression and anxiety symptoms during adolescence. Journal Of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(1), 59-71 doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9542-2Sheeber, L., Davis. , B., Leve, C., Hops, H., & Tildesley, E. (2007) Adolescents' relationships with their mothers and fathers: Associations with depressive disorder and underdiagnostic symptomatology, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 114-154 .Sheeber, L., & Sorensen, E. (1998). Family relationships of depressed adolescents: A multimethod evaluation Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 268-277 ).Anxiety in children: perceived family environments and observed family interaction, 25, 225-237.