The relationship between the police and the communities in which they operate has not always been the most productive. Against the backdrop of the tumultuous era of the 1960s, when the nation's collective unrest over various then-current events, from the social upheaval of the civil rights movement to the largely unpopular and deepening conflict in Vietnam, spilled over into city streets Americans seemingly everywhere, local Police forces, lacking experience in crowd control, have often found themselves in violent clashes with these various groups, earning them a reputation as oppressive organizations (Schmalleger, 2014, p. 112). This reputation works against the police even today, causing deep distrust of law enforcement in various communities. In response, police departments have moved from the old legalistic style of policing, characterized by strict adherence to and enforcement of the letter of the law, to what is now called community policing. The Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) office of the United States Department of Justice formally defines community policing as “a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to address in proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety problems such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime” (n.d., p. 3). In other words, police departments seek to collaborate not only with private citizens in the communities they serve, but also with members of public and private organizations to learn firsthand about their concerns and then involve them in resolving issues. these problems in various ways. According to Schmalleger, some examples of this strategy can be found w...... middle of the document ......n (10th ed.). Pembroke, NC: Pearson.Wang, W., and Lumb R. (2012). Integrating Eastern program features into Western community policing: Balancing individual freedom and collective well-being. Lowe, T., & Innes, M. (2012). Can we talk in confidence? Community Intelligence and Neighborhood Policing v2.0 Policing & Society, 22, 295-316.Terpstra, J., (2011). Governance and responsibility in community policing. Criminal Law Society Change, 55, 87–104. doi:10.1007/s10611-011-9272-yKlinenberg, E. (2001). Bowling alone, police together. Social Justice, 28(3), 75-80. Defining Community Policing - COPS (nd) The Public Strategies Group. (n.d.). Joseph Brann | Public Strategy Team, retrieved from http://psg.us/team/joseph-brann/Miami-Dade County. (2014). Community Information and Outreach - 3-1-1 Response Center, retrieved from http://www.miamidade.gov/information/311.asp