Thinking historically while conducting counterinsurgency in the 21st century raises questions about how to develop political and strategic plans. This bibliographic essay will examine the political and military aspect of fighting counterinsurgency warfare according to 20th century theorists Galula, "Theory and Practice of Counterinsurgency Warfare" and Trinquier's "Theory and Practice of Counterinsurgency Warfare." The strategy in fighting guerrillas will be discussed by comparing conflicts in battles and ideologies from the past to the present day. Additionally, ways to avoid the one-size-fits-all war mentality when fighting modern insurgents will be recommended. David Galula and Roger Trinquier have common roots, were French citizens, and both lived in the 20th century when the study of counterinsurgency theory was coming into force. focus. Each of these men experienced bitter war conflicts. Galula fought in North Africa, Italy and France. Additionally, Galula fought in irregular wars in China, Greece, Indochina, and Algeria. Galula was a lieutenant colonel when he decided to write his now classic book. Trinquier, however, a colonial infantry officer, defended the French concession in Shanghai and later in Indochina under Japanese occupation, where he was held as a prisoner of war in a Japanese internment camp. After his release from prison, Trinquier continued to serve in Indochina and also in Algeria. Both men wrote from first-hand experience and published their accounts in 1964, while the Cold War was raging. Communist ideology and free world theorists have clashed across the face of the globe in a race for dominance. Counterinsurgency has been an American strategy since the 1960s, with ebbs and flows in strategic sign... middle of paper... as much information as possible from the people to get an intelligence service. Trinquier wanted his police action to be a real operational war that would methodically pursue the enemy organization until it was completely annihilated. Both men considered population control essential to aid counterinsurgency actions. Both agreed that the creation of a census form to monitor the population would be very useful. The purpose of the census is to interrupt, or at least significantly reduce, contact between the population and the guerrillas. By observing the activities of the population after a while, counterinsurgency personnel will become familiar with the population and will easily spot unusual patterns of behavior. Society could be kept in a somewhat organized mode to feel psychologically safe and thus help the political mindset of the population.