Different characteristics of managers and their workIntroductionThis is an era of rapid rise of business, from the industrial revolution of 1750 to digital innovation in the 1940s. Management philosophy has gradually penetrated into many organizations, managers have also become important positions leading to manage valuable organizations. In general Charles, Sarah and Tony are managers doing the same jobs, however sometimes they have particular levels with distinct skills, roles and disparate challenges. This essay aims to compare and contrast the characteristics of managers at different levels, analyzing the roles of managers and how they can accomplish their work while facing challenges. A list of references will be completed to achieve the purpose. Discussion Managers play a crucial role in organizations. Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, and Coulter (2012) state that managers coordinate and supervise the work of other people, they can be divided into first-line managers, middle managers, and top managers. Charles is the CEO of a huge multinational mining company, Sarah is a customer service manager for a large charity and Tony is a foreman, packaging and distribution for a small manufacturing company. They are both managers, unlike non-managerial employees; they are both responsible to the head of the organization and shareholders, managers are key human capitals who guide employees to achieve organizational goals, inspire and support their work. There are huge differences in each division of the manager level. Charles is the CEO of a mining company; The CEO is classified as a top manager. “Top managers are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing goals and plans that affect... half of paper......Siness Studies: Guanxi Versus The Market: Ethics and Efficiency, 30(2) , 231-247.O'Kelly C. (2013) The Evolution of Modern Corporation: Corporate GovernanceReform in Context (Working Paper 133). Seattle, USA: Seattle University, School of Law Digital Commons.Robbins SP, Bergman R., Stagg I. & Coulter M. (2012) Management (6th edition).Australia: Pearson.Schermerhorn RJ, Davidson P., Poole D. , Woods P., Simon A., Mcbarron E. (2013). Management (5th ed.). Australia: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Wallace R., Ferguson J. (2014, February 10). Toyota will stop producing cars in Australia, followed by Ford and Holden. The Australian. Retrieved from http://www.theaustralian. com.au/business/news/toyota-to-stop-making-cars-in-australia-follows-ford-and-holden/story-e6frg906-1226822823246