The tone of voice between the sender and the recipient is misunderstood based on grammar or punctuation marks as it is considered a form of non-verbal communication via SMS. For example, a sender who sends a message with correct grammar and receives text with frequent abbreviations may be confused or angry that it is an inconvenience to even have correct grammar. In situations where punctuation marks are a nonverbal signal, a sender may place a period at the end of a text message to indicate the end of the sentence, but the recipient mistakes the sender for having a stern message.