Education in the United States was largely single-sex (SS) until the mid-1800s; that single sex was male. Gradually, coeducational schools became the norm, and the passage of Title IX of the Education Act of 1972 was a concrete step toward ensuring that gender equality would be the norm in all government-supported schools (Anfara & Mertens , 2008; Halpern et al., 2011; Johnson, 2004). A major change occurred in 2001, when Congress passed the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLBA). An amendment to the law authorized the school to use federal money to create innovative programs, including SS classes (Dee, 2006; Johnson, 2004). The amendment was co-sponsored or supported by five female senators, namely Kay Bailey Hutchinson, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Susan Collins, Barbara Mikulski (Johnson, 2004), and Diane Feinstein (Meyer, 2008) and passed unanimously by the Senate (Johnson, 2004). A reinterpretation of Title IX was published in 2006 promulgating a set of federal guidelines under which SS classes would be legally permitted (Anfara & Mertens, 2008; Halpern et al., 2011; Johnson, 2004; Novotney, 2011; Rex & Chadwell, 2009). The following were required: (a) be based on achievement of a stated educational goal or diversity, (b) be entirely voluntary, (c) be implemented uniformly, (d) be substantially equal for both sexes, and ( e) be reviewed at least every two years (Johnson, 2004; Rex & Chadwell, 2009). Since these changes were implemented there has been a real explosion of new SS classes implemented. In the 2007-2008 school year, 97 SS public schools and 295 SS classes were started (Billger, 2009). In South Carolina alone, the number of schools offering SS courses has jumped from 30 out of 200... to the middle of the paper... K., & Smith, M. (2005). Single-sex versus coeducational schooling: A systematic review (2005–2001). Retrieved from U.S. Department of Education: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/opepd/reports.htmlMeyer, P. (2008). Separate learning: The case of single-sex schools. Education Next, 8(1), 11-21. Retrieved from www.educationnext.org/learning-separately/Novotney, A. (2011). Coed vs. same-sex ed. Monitor on Psychology, 42(2). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/02/coed.aspxRex, J., & Chadwell, D. (2009). Single gender classrooms. The School Administrator, 66(8), 28-33. Retrieved from http://www.aasa.orgWolfgang, B. (2011, September 2). Boys in one class, girls in another across multiple schools; same-sex option is growing, but some are still skeptical. The Washington Times, p. 7. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/