One group at the forefront of the fight against the legislation is the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). It is a nonprofit organization based in New York City since 1920, with more than 500,000 members and nearly 200 attorneys. The ACLU's mission is to be "the nation's guardian of liberty, working daily in courts, legislatures, and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties that the Constitution and laws of the United States guarantee to all" (“About the ACLU”) . Two of the primary rights the organization is committed to protecting are the First Amendment freedoms (speech, petition, assembly, press, and religion) and the right to privacy. In 2004, the ACLU “filed a lawsuit on behalf of an unidentified Internet service provider challenging the FBI's use of a type of administrative subpoena known as a national security letter” (Eggen). These National Security Letters (NSLs) give government intelligence agencies the power to force companies to disclose customer data, be they banks, internet service providers or mobile phone companies. In this case of Doe v. Gonzales, Judge Victor Marrero of the Southern District of New York ruled that the NSL provision of the Patriot Act is unconstitutional because it “effectively prevents or substantially deters any judicial challenge and violates free speech rights by imposing permanent silence on targeted companies ” (Eggen). ACLU attorney Ann Beeson argues that this ruling “is a total refutation of the administration's use of excessive secrecy and unbridled power under the Patriot Act” (Eggen). In addition to this landmark court case, the ACLU has played a leading role in the fight against NSA mass surveillance. After a secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) order was disclosed in 2013 requiring a Verizon subsidiary to provide details of every call made during a three-month period,