The postmodern era of psychology is the period in which new theories and research were developed and established in psychology starting in the 1960s. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original EssayHumanistic PsychologyHumanistic psychology refers to an approach that studies the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual. The movement grew in opposition to two psychological theories, behaviorism theory and psychoanalysis. The humanistic movement became popular in the United States in the 1960s. The association for humanistic psychology was founded in 1962. Carl Jung, Rollo May, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers are some of the pioneers of this theory. Humanistic psychologists believe that behaviorists are overly interested in the scientific study and analysis of people's actions and behaviors. the people. Humanists also disagree with the determinist orientation of psychoanalysis which postulates that early experiences and drives determine behaviors. Humanistic psychology starts from the existential assumption that phenomenology is central and that people have free will. Personal agency is the humanistic term for the exercise of free will. It refers to the choices we make in life, the paths we take and their consequences. The American psychologist Abraham H. Maslow, considered one of the leading figures of humanistic psychology, proposed a hierarchy of needs or drives in decreasing order of priority or power but increasing sophistication: physiological needs, security, belonging and love, esteem and self-realization. Only when the most primitive needs are satisfied can the individual progress to the higher levels of the hierarchy. People who achieve self-actualization will have fully realized their potential. The concept of self is a central focus for most humanistic psychologists. In the “personal construct” theory of the American psychotherapist Carl Rogers, individuals are said to perceive the world based on their own experiences. This perception influences their personality and leads them to orient their behavior to satisfy the needs of the total self. Rogers emphasized that, in the development of an individual's personality, the person strives to “actualize, maintain and improve himself. The American existential psychologist Rollo May emphasized human beings as experiencing beings and to whom experiences happen. According to May, awareness of one's mortality makes vitality and passion possible. Both Rogera and Maslow viewed personal growth and fulfillment in life as a fundamental human motive. This means that each person, in different ways, seeks to grow psychologically and continuously improve themselves. This has been captured by the term self-actualization, which is about psychological growth, fulfillment, and satisfaction in life. However, Rogers and Maslow both describe different ways of how self-actualization can be achieved. At the center of the humanistic theories of Rogers and Maslow are the subjective and conscious experiences of the individual. Humanistic psychologists argue that objective reality is less important than a person's subjective perception and understanding of the world. For this reason, Rogers and Marlow place little value on scientific psychology, particularly the use of the psychology laboratory to investigate both human and animal behavior. There are some criticisms regarding this theory. It is often seen as too subjective; the importance of individual experience makes it difficult to study and objectively measure phenomena.