A Global Problem Police moonlighting is not just a problem in the United States. Illegal work is strictly limited or prohibited in Australia, England and Japan. However, it is quite common, in one form or another, in Canada and the United States (Bayley 1996). Under Russian law, police are only allowed to carry out very limited outside work. According to the Militia Law, permitted occupations are limited to those related to teaching, research and the arts. A study of officers in Russia found that 49 percent of more than two thousand respondents said they engaged in some type of outside work during their off-hours. 18% also reported doing other work during duty hours. Almost all the officers were engaged in work prohibited by the Militia Law. Most worked in some form of private security while off duty. Nearly half worked in off-duty transportation services and about 30% worked in retail/wholesale. Just under half reported working as private security during the hours they were employed as police officers. Low wages were described as the main reason for taking on additional jobs. There was an average 72% increase in agents' monthly income as a result of their additional employment (Wilson, et al. 2008). Slovenia prohibits police officers from holding secondary jobs in functions that overlap with those of the police, such as private security companies or private investigators. . Although Sotlar and Meško have not observed illegal moonlighting, they suspect that it is occurring as in other countries with similarly restrictive policies (Sotlar & Meško 2009). Similarly in Brazil, police moonlighting is prohibited by law, even though it commonly occurs... middle of paper... and public safety Moonlighting can prove to be a serious threat to officer safety. With fewer resources and increased fatigue, officers may be at greater risk of serious injury. Many officers are killed while moonlighting as private security (AIMS 1991). According to Brazilian military statistics, most of the military police killed in Brazil were killed while working illegal labor (Macaulay 2007). About 9 percent of officers killed in the past decade in the United States were killed while off-duty. Although the report does not specify the officer's function beyond his off-duty status, based on the reported circumstance of the officer's death, it is possible that thirty-five cases occurred while he was moonlighting (FBI 2011). A search of The Officer Down memorial page finds 61 deaths over the past few decades that occurred while the officer was moonlighting (ODMP 2011).