The word animare comes from the Latin word anima, meaning soul; the literal translation is "to give life to". Animation is exactly that: giving life or movement, movement or even a voice to an otherwise inanimate object. For centuries people have strived to give movement to drawings; A 5,000-year-old terracotta chalice with drawings of a goat jumping up a tree to eat leaves was recently found in Iran. (Lealos) Similar designs in sequential series have been found in Egyptian hieroglyphics and cave drawings. Over time and around the world many ideas and creations have contributed to today's animations. Most began as optical illusion toys. In 1824 Peter Roget published an article in which he talked about the persistence of vision. Roget argued that "the retina holds images for a fraction of a second before being replaced by subsequent images." (randomhistory.com) This perception of one image merging into the next, as in individual frames of animation, gave the illusion of movement. Amazing indeed what the mind's eye could see. Following the publication of Roget's article, many novelties were created to prove the theory. The thaumatrope, invented in 1825 by Dr. John Paris, was the first of the vision toys and the simplest to make. It consisted of a round disk with a bird drawn on one side and a cage on the other. The disc was held by strings on each side which, when wound, caused the disc to spin and the images merged to appear like a caged bird. The phenakistiscope was invented in 1832 by Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau. This is a disk fixed in the center so that it can spin freely. Drawings in a sequential series went around the disc and slots were cut evenly spaced around the edge or... center of the paper... in 2014.."Movie Time! Amazing Animation." The New Yearly Knowledge Book - Highlighting the Events of 2004. Danbury: Scholastic Library Publishing, Inc., 2005. 260.randomhistory.com. ""Mmm! Meep!" A story of animation." May 31, 2008. www.randomhistory.com. November 28, 2014..Solomon, Charles. "Animation." The new book of knowledge. vol. Volume 1 A. Danbury: Grolier Publishing Company, Inc., 2003. 288 - 291. Sleeping Beauty Awakens. Dir. Don Hahn. Perf. Don Hahn. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, 2010.ISKANDER, WEJDAN and CURTIS, SHARON. “Using Color and Interactive Animation in Learning 3D Vectors.” 2005. The Free Library. November 28 2014..