Different types of ecosystem services• What are ecosystem services Ecosystem services (ES): ecosystem functions or processes from which society explicitly benefits in monetary form (for example through the sale of crops or Ayurvedic medicines) or implicitly improving the quality of one's life. If these same ecosystem services are used in urban areas and cities, we call them urban ecosystem services (UES). • UES are provided at different scales within an urban landscape1. Local scale: such as temperature regulation by trees, filtration of water and pollutants by soil, production of timber and other similar things.2. Regional or landscape scale: such as climate regulation, biodiversity, etc.3. Global scale: carbon mitigation, contribution to the global gene pool.• Classification of ecosystem services1. Provisioning services: food and timber production, water supply, provision of genetic resources2. Regulatory services: regulation of extreme weather conditions such as heavy rains and heat waves, floods and diseases, regulation of water flows, waste treatment and management3. Cultural services: using natural beauty for tourism, providing aesthetic features, spiritual needs4. Habitats and supporting services: soil formation and processes, pollination, energy supply, material and nutrient flows, biodiversity• Examples of ecosystem services and how they help us1. Supply services - basically the beneficial products obtained directly from Naturea) Obtain food, crops, spices, fisheries and fresh water for direct consumption necessary for survivalb) Obtain raw materials such as firewood, coal, fertilizers, metals and minerals used for the production of other materialsc) Medicinal resources and or...... half of the paper ...... flies, etc. which aid in seed dispersal and aid in the production of food and other agricultural goods. It is estimated that approximately 90% of all flowering plants would not exist without the animals and insects that carry pollen from one plant to another. Example: Honey bees in the Himalayan region, people in that region recognize that bees help secure better livelihoods, both by increasing agricultural productivity and generating direct income from the sale of honey and wax. b) Nutrient Cycling: Movement of organic matter in the cycle so that it can help in further production of crops.c) Soil Formation: Soil provides multiple services essential for the sustainability of other ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and water retention.d) Grazing: helps the soil by increasing soil density and promoting plant growth. variety and at the same time also brings benefits to livestock.