The next essay will cover a brief history of the existence of God from René Descartes to Immanuel Kant. First, section (1), covers Descartes' view on the existence of God. Next, in (2), I consider GW Leibniz's view and George Berkeley's view is explored in (3). These first three philosophers undeniably believe that God exists. The rest of the essay covers three other philosophers whose views on the existence of God are less certain. These philosophers include John Locke covered in section (4), David Hume in (5), and finally Immanuel Kant in (6). (1) Having strong Catholic beliefs, Descartes undoubtedly believed in the existence of God. Descartes makes this clear at the beginning of the Meditations on First Philosophy. He writes that we must “believe in the existence of God because it is taught in the Holy Scriptures and, conversely, we must believe in the Holy Scriptures because they come from God” (Descartes 1). Subsequently, however, within the Third Meditation, Descartes considers the existence of God. In his search for absolute certainty, he initially writes: "I do not yet know sufficiently whether a God also exists" (Descartes, 25). In other words, Descartes initially does not know whether God exists with certainty. Then he decides “whether there is a God” (25). Even though he questions the existence of God, Descartes still has an innate idea of God; a substance that is an “infinite, independent, supremely intelligent, and supremely powerful” perfect being that created everything (30). Consequently, he concludes that because of his innate idea of God (which was not conjured up by Descartes or drawn from the senses), it must therefore be God who “is the cause of this idea” (25). Furthermore, since Descartes exists with an idea of God, he concludes that God must also exist. He states it explicitly in the following way: "All that remains for me is to conclude that the simple fact of my existence and the existence in me of the idea of a most perfect being, that is, of God, demonstrates in the most evident way that God also exists" ( 34). Descartes then goes on to suggest that it is “highly plausible” that he is somehow made in the image and likeness of his creator (35). Afterwards Descartes continues the meditations basing many other things on the existence of God. But, in the Fifth Meditation, Descartes claims to provide proof that demonstrates the existence of God.
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