'How has globalization shaped energy systems in emerging economies and the Global South? Please explain your answer with reference to your chosen country of study.'1. Defining Globalization After the Cold War, the word "globalization" was commonly used at a time of unprecedented interconnectedness, when advanced nations experienced ruthless development by exploiting energy resources and emphasizing cultural forms in developing countries. To identify the definition of "globalization", it is important to clarify its appearance and implications. An exceptional mechanism often used to interpret “globalization” is the “World Economy”. Since colonial times, the contemporary behaviors of world capitals and the flow of energy resources from colonies to Western countries were considered the rudiments of economic geography (Jürgen and Niles, 2005). Nowadays, the global economy is dominated by transnational corporations and banking institutions, mostly located in developed countries. However, it appears that countries with a higher level of global national strength are eager for a larger market to offload excess national production and allocate energy resources on a global scale, thus leading to global economic integration. This module has been supported by several historical globalists (Paul Hirst, Grahame Thompson and Deepak Nayyer): their position is that globalization is not new but is more fashionable and exaggerated, the enormous amount of internationalization of money and trade in previous periods it is certainly not lower than today.' (Frans J Schuurman 2001:64). Another important factor promoting globalization is called “World Politics”. Foreign policymakers are faced with the challenge of a fundamental change in today's energy system... based on paper... to the detriment of energy resources. Complex geopolitics required Indonesia to maintain relatively stable international relations with its allies through long-term energy supply. Through multilateral cooperation, Indonesia can easily improve its energy industry by building hydroelectric and thermal power plants instead of coal-fired power plants. Importing equipment and hiring qualified experts from advanced countries contributes to Indonesia's automotive research and management innovation in the energy sector. Improved energy production efficiency can significantly alleviate energy poverty and reduce carbon dioxide emissions and, to some extent, better manage energy consumption. In conclusion, the Indonesian energy system meets both the risks and opportunities of globalization, however the vision of the Indonesian nation should look forward to what is needed for a sustainable future.