Poe uses apostrophe, alliteration, personification, repetition, and symbolism. The apostrophe is quite obvious in this poem. The man refers several times to Lenore, who is dead and no longer there for him. EXAMPLE. Alliteration is also present when he says "grim, graceless, hideous, gaunt" and "And the silken, sad, uncertain rustle of every purple curtain..." The raven is the first example of personification. You don't normally hear a bird, more specifically a crow, speak. Throughout the poem the bird speaks and repeats “never again,” which is a human quality. “Nevermore” is also an example of repetition that Poe uses to convey that Lenore will not return. Symbolism is the most widespread device. The raven is a symbol of death and bad omens, linked to Lenore's disappearance. Another prevalent symbol is Lenore. The man never gives a description of her, but she appears constantly, which makes her a symbol. It seems to be a symbol of his sadness and problems because his disappearance caused them. The Plutonian Coast of Night is a symbolism of death. Pluto is the Roman god of the underworld and night is associated with when death comes. These two combined reference the underworld and every bad connotation that death has. The Bust of Pallas, mentioned in the previous paragraph, is also a symbol. It is a symbol that refers to Lenore but also to Athena. The bust represents Athena who is the goddess of wisdom and when the bird lands