IndexMeasuresProcedureResultsWe observed a total of 120 participants from Texas State University. Students were observed during daily classroom lessons. Observers were asked to observe only the seated students starting from right to left, in front from right to left, and finally directly in front. The observation tactic was used to determine which students to observe first. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay MeasuresObservers observed participants to see if cell phone use distracted students from taking notes in class. The independent variable is cell phone use, defined as being actively engaged and looking at the phone for 5 seconds or more during the 5-minute interval. There were two variables, cell phone use and non-cell phone use. Participants who looked at or touched their phone for more than 5 seconds were classified as using cell phone. Participants classified as non-cell phone use were those who did not touch or look at their cell phone for at least 5 seconds or more. The dependent variable is attention, which was defined as taking notes by visibly typing or writing information provided in lecture. There were two levels: taking notes and not taking notes. Those participants who actively wrote or typed notes were classified as note-takers, and those who were included in the non-note-taker category were the participants who did not write or type notes. Procedure The type of study used was a naturalistic observation. Observers sat in their regular seats and allowed the surrounding seats to fill randomly. In the possible circumstance of empty seats, the observer was asked to start the observations closest to him from right to left, then in front from right to left and the participant's last option would be directly in front. After about 10-15 minutes from At the beginning of the lesson the observer would observe a maximum of 2 students for 5 minutes each. During the 5 minutes, the observer recorded whether the participant looked at or touched the phone for more than 5 seconds or paid attention by actively typing or writing notes. Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay Results For the results, a Chi-square test of independence was used to determine the relationship between cell phone use and the impact on attention. The tested variables showed a statistically significant relationship, X2(1, N = 120) = 21.89, p =. 001 (see Figure 1). Participants classified as non-cell phone users were more likely to pay attention by taking notes than those who were cell phone users who did not take notes..