CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION Most of the world's large cities suffer from chronic environmental problems caused by waste materials. Due to these problems, the issue of reducing construction waste has become increasingly serious. In Malaysia, this issue has been a concern of the public and local communities to impact the environment resulting from construction waste which is not systematic. (Initiated, 2006). According to Faizul (2006), in urban and rural development in Malaysia, the increase of construction waste increases from time to time. This problem should have a specific solution for waste collection of construction materials. A study by Mohd Nasir et al., (1998) reported that central and southern Malaysia produce industrial and construction waste accounting for 28% of municipal solid waste. Construction materials are available at a relatively low cost as reuse, recycling and waste minimization practices are limited in the construction and natural resource industries. For the Authorities, waste management and illegal landfills represent a problem and there is no mandatory obligation for construction companies to adopt sustainable resources. (Begun et al 2009).Malaysia Productivity Corporation, (2009) reported that in 2009, productivity growth in the construction sector in Malaysia was 5%. The growth of this figure demonstrates that development in Malaysia plays an important role in contributing to the government's commitment to sustainable development. As a result, it supports predictions that construction waste generation rates will continue to increase, placing increasing pressure on the country's already overburdened waste management infrastructure.2.2 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYWo...... half of paper .... ..or for example, waste due to the thickness of the concrete slab being greater than specified by the structural design. Ohno (1988) divides worker movement operations into waste and work. Waste is movement that adds no value and is unnecessary. It is often called unproductive time. Work includes both non-value-added and value-added work. This definition assumes that non-value-added labor is required in production systems due to current working conditions. For example, walking to another location to remove parts, removing wraps from parts, and so on. Womack and Jones (1996) describe waste as any human activity that absorbs resources but does not create value, such as errors that require correction, production of items that no one wants, process steps that are not necessary, unnecessary movement of employees and people in waiting for the conclusion of upstream activities.