Noam Arzt, identified various threats to patient privacy with the use of IIS. Threats to patient privacy have been divided into three categories. These are desktop threats, server threats and network threats. Desktop threats are those threats that affect the desktop, be it a terminal or a personal computer. Server threats are threats related to the Immunization Information Systems (IIS) server and its integrity. Finally, network threats are threats that affect the network that connects users' desktops to IIS servers (Arzt,