Renaissance in EnglandThe word Renaissance is defined simply as "rebirth". The total Renaissance movement was “felt in art, literature, science, music, politics, religion and other intellectual aspects” (Wikipedia, Renaissance). The movement began in Italy in the late 1300s and spread throughout Europe in the following two and a half centuries. The term “Renaissance” was first used by the French historian Jules Michelet in 1858. The term stuck because it best described the transition period between the medieval era in Europe and the early modern age” (Johnson 3) . The three main events that shaped the Renaissance period were the printing press, the voyages of discovery of Columbus and Vasco da Gama, and the scientific revolution. “The invention and production of standard movable type allowed the beginning of the printing industry” (Thompson 210). “The first printed encyclopedia, the Catholica, appeared in 1460, and the following year a Strasbourg printer, Johan Mentelin, produced a layman's Bible” (Johnson 18). The invention of printing made a large amount of cheap material available (Thompson 210). The invention of the printing press helped make printed materials available to individuals of all social classes not only “to princes, scholars, and individuals who could afford the materials” (Thompson 210). Printing allowed the English language to stabilize. The availability of standardized printing for punctuation, grammar, and spelling seemed the same. “Literature was no longer a privileged and rarefied domain” (Menon, Sindhu and Merriman, Renaissance in Literature). The invention of mobile printing and the ability to produce printed materials allowed for the idea of ​​trading books and printed materials… in the middle of paper… aspects of how the world worked (Thompson 210-211). The importance of all the turning points of the Renaissance helped to open up new areas of study in science. The invention of the printing press was instrumental in enabling the world to read and spread knowledge across the globe on any subject. Through printing the total Renaissance movement was “felt in art, literature, science, music, politics, religion and other intellectual aspects” and still is today (Wikipedia, Renaissance). There were many important elements in the formation of the Renaissance period. The inventions of printing, the sea voyages of Columbus and Vasco de Gama combined with the exploration of the mechanisms of the earth were the most important. All the elements made it clear that the Renaissance was a rebirth of printing, science and navigation on the seas to discover new areas of the universe.